Industry/Field Use Major advantage Food and beverages Clarifies and sterilizes fruit juices and vinegar, concentrates and homogenizes milk and eggs; separates constituents in whey; removes phenols, tannins, colors, and heat-unstable proteins for wine; membrane emulsification Resistance to alkaline cleaning solutions; being steam sterilizable; consistent pore size Metal refining Removes impurities and undesirable metal oxides for molten aluminum, magnesium, and superalloys; removes oils in o/w emulsions Resistance to cleaning solutions Environmental control Removes precipitated radionuclides and metal oxides, wastewater processing and dewatering of hazardous wastes, recycling of machining coolants, degrades PCBs Resistance to acid, alkaline and peroxide solutions; thermal resistance Petrochemical Waste-oil hydrogenation process (Regelube); catalytical dehydrogenation of large molecules at low temperature and pressures; coal gasification Thermal stability; solvent resistance Biotechnology /Phamaceutical Concentrates vaccines and enzymes; purifies amino acids, vitamins and organic acid; removes viruses from culture broths Being steam sterilizable; consistent pore size Electronic Purification for water, acids, solvents, and organic compounds Resistance to acid